Oxford and tourism Free Essays

Oxford is a little city situated in the south East of England with a populace of 135 000 individuals. It is the home to the most seasoned English college, Oxford University. This is made up by 40 universities that house 30 000 understudies. We will compose a custom article test on Oxford and the travel industry or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Moreover, five park and rides rush to the downtown area. These are arranged at pear tree, Water Eaton, Thornhill, Redbridge and Seacourt. Oxford’s principle wellspring of pay is in the vacationer business. Oxford is a throughout the entire year vacation spot with more than 2 million travelers visiting every year. There are various vacation spots many having a place with the college and schools. Bodleian library and the Radcliffe camera. Also, oxford contains numerous historical centers and gallerias for example Britain’s most established gallery the Ashmolean and the exhibition hall of present day workmanship. In conclusion, sightseers can appreciate punting on the stream Thames that is known as the waterway Isis in Oxford. The meaning of a visitor is â€Å"A voyager who visits places, for over one day, for joy, work or visiting companions or family†. Nonetheless, this can make numerous burdens the neighborhood inhabitants. A burden implies something that exacerbates things, This could be stuff, for example, swarming and wrongdoing. By the by, the travel industry may carry advantages to the nearby network. The definition for advantage is â€Å"something that has a decent effect†, This could be stuff, for example, occupations and cash. The reason for the examination is: â€Å"Does the travel industry carry more advantages or inconveniences to Oxford?† To respond to the inquiry I will take a gander at three primary zones. The social advantages are: Tourism gives many openings for work, for example, occupations in lodgings and city visits. The inconvenience is, these kinds of employments are low paid and give hardly any vocation openings. The travel industry has given Oxford incredibly famous acclaim and therefore, Oxford has been utilized as an area in numerous movies including: three of the Harry Potters and The Oxford Murders. In any case, this has implied lanes and structures need to shut down during shooting. The second zone that I will take a gander at is the financial business. The advantage is visitors go through a ton of cash. All things considered, local people accept there are such a large number of visitor looks for example Covered Market is focused at vacationers. I know this in light of the fact that there have been complainants to the neighborhood chamber. The impact of this is expanded strain among sightseers and inhabitants. The third territory that I will take a gander at is nature. The ecological bit of leeway is the city board gets a ton of stopping income to sponsor the vehicle business, however the transports and traveler mentors make a great deal of contamination. I will explore other social, financial and natural issues to address the examination question: â€Å"Does the travel industry carry more advantages or weaknesses to oxford?† This is the rundown of things I did on the field trip and the request I destroyed them to respond to the exploration questions was: 1. Inhabitants addressed surveys 2. Vacationers addressed surveys 3. Did a bi-polar person on foot check 4. Did a person on foot thickness review 5. Gathered oxford city the travel industry handouts P.B. Diagrams Diagram 1: To what extent have you lived in Oxford? This diagram gives me that 80% of the inhabitants that finished the poll have lived in Oxford for over five years. This infers I will have more trust in the information in light of the fact that the inhabitants have involvement in sightseers; in this manner, I can depend on this information. What's more, it shows that 16% have lived in Oxford for 2-5 years and 4% have lived not exactly a year. This information isn't as solid as the inhabitants who have lived for more than five years however it might be valuable to have a fresher assessment. Chart 2: How frequently do you come into Oxford downtown area? Chart 2 gives me how frequently individuals go into the downtown area. This inquiry was posed so we can have more trust in the information in light of the fact that the examination is predominately set in the downtown area. It expresses that 33% of the inhabitants met go into town in any event once per week. This suggests they will have much more noteworthy involvement in travelers of which 12% go ordinary. In this manner, we can confide in the information significantly more. Nonetheless, it additionally shows 32% just go into town like clockwork. Further more 35% go less frequently than about fourteen days. This implies the occupants met would have had barely any experiences with sightseers. This recommends 67% have little involvement in traveler. Thusly, I should be cautious when composing my assessment and end. Chart 3: At which season do you think there are more travelers? * Winter * Spring *Summer *Autumn * Always occupied This chart appears at what time the travel industry is at is top as indicated by the inhabitants studied. Initially just 12 inhabitants thought the travel industry was at is top in the spring fall and winter months. 51% figure the travel industry is at is top during summer. Be that as it may, 37% feel the travel industry is high lasting through the year. This could be on the grounds that Oxford doesn't depend on seasons like an ocean side town for the travel industry; Oxford is an all year vacation destination. Diagram 4: Have you at any point experienced issues with visitors? This inquiry was posed to check whether sightseers bring about any difficulty to nearby inhabitants. The chart shows just 7% of occupants have encountered issues with vacationers. Be that as it may, six of the seven individuals who had issues with vacationers were while they were grinding away. Further progressively 81% of the occupants that were met have never experienced issues with vacationers. This proposes sightseers are polite and regard the neighborhood network. What's more, the travel industry doesn't make any social disservices for inhabitants. Diagram 5: Do you come into direct contact with vacationers? IE grinding away This inquiry was posed to perceive what number of individuals come into contact with vacationers so they may have better and progressively exact responses to the inquiries. Nonetheless, just eight individuals come into direct contact with visitors. Be that as it may, as diagram 1 shows 80% of the occupants met have lived in Oxford for a long time or more, this adjust the absence of customary contact or direct with voyagers. Chart 6: What do you believe are the advantages of the travel industry in Oxford? This is one of the most significant inquiries since it straightforwardly answers some portion of the examination question. The diagram shows that 66% of the occupants asked accept that the greatest advantage is the cash acquired by vacationers. This recommends voyagers are improving the economy of Oxford since they are going through their cash in Oxford. Anyway work is just 19%. This could mean not very many employments are being made by the travel industry. This could be on the grounds that the main employments that include visitors are a city visit occupations or shop work. Furthermore just 15% figure notoriety of Oxford is expanding in this manner the city may quit speaking to travelers. Chart 7: What do you believe are the burdens of the travel industry in Oxford? This gives me that inhabitants accept visitors cause an assortment of issues. The most concerning issue occupants give a false representation of is street clog. This is a condition of congestion in a road or out and about, making development moderate or troublesome. The second greatest is litter with 29%. This recommends occupants think travelers are making Oxford grimy by tossing waste bundling. Thirdly clamor contamination with 22%. This normally happens when their is a gathering of visitors talking. Ultimately 14% of inhabitants accept contamination is large issue. This could be expected additional transports required and visitor mentors. Anyway just 2% thought wrongdoing was happened so this infers travelers don't carry on gravely or cause issue to the network. Diagram 8: Do you think there is sufficient for voyagers to do in Oxford? This chart shows whether inhabitants accept travelers have enough to do in Oxford. It shows that 77 individuals accept there is bounty for vacationers to do in Oxford. Anyway 23 individuals don't accept there is sufficient for voyagers to do. This could be on the grounds that they don’t go to the downtown area normally or it is there general assessment. Diagram 9: Do you think the quantity of vacationers is†¦? This chart shows that numerous individuals have a negative disposition to the travel industry on the grounds that 62% accept their are an excessive number of sightseers. Conversely just 4% think the measure of sightseers is to few. Further progressively 34% figure the quantity of sightseers is just about right. Be that as it may, with the conceivable hood of an increments in visitors their view will be immediately changed as well. This infers the inhabitants might want traveler sizes to diminish. Diagram 10: Do you think the travel industry adds to downtown area contamination? This chart shows whether occupants accept the travel industry causes downtown area contamination. This diagram shows that 89% of the inhabitants met accept the travel industry adds to downtown area contamination. This contamination could be exhaust from visitor mentors and transports or litter and commotion contamination. The most effective method to refer to Oxford and the travel industry, Papers

Computer Assembly and Disassembly Essay Sample free essay sample

Depict the procedure for registering machine gathering and dismantling 1 ) Procedure for figuring machine assemblyI. Fix the occurrence. Put the example out fair and square surface. Have all the jail watches that accompanied the example close by. Unscrew the example dish entryway from the processing machine in the event that it is fastened topographic point. You may other than hold to compel a catch or switch to open the entryway. two. Gather the motherboard and a few pieces on it preeminent. You can drive the RAM resources straight down into their spaces until they fly into topographic point. Put the CPU in the processor box. You will require to raise a slender metal cantina and fit the dorsum of the CPU with the pins on the board thus shut the cantina. Put the warmth sink and fan on the CPU nation. There ought to be four openings where the sides of the warmth sink will connect on the motherboard. We will compose a custom paper test on PC Assembly and Disassembly Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page You may require to rest together the fan on the warmth sink. three. Put the motherboard in the example. Match the dorsum of the board where the card spaces and associations are with the goal that they stick out of the dorsum of the occasion. Screw the motherboard into the comparing jail watch gaps on the example. There ought to be around six topographic focuses where the gaps on the motherboard will agree with these screw gaps. four. Put the force flexibly inside the example and fit it to the square opening on the dorsum of the case where the fan terminal of the force gracefully will stop out. Screw four jail watches through the occurrence and into the force flexibly. Associate the force from the force gracefully to the motherboard. Some motherboards have at least two force associations that the force gracefully requires. These force associations are not the same as the rest of. Counsel the motherboard manual to happen which associations with use. v. Introduce the entirety of the pushes straightaway. These can incorporate troublesome pushes and optical pushes. Slide each push into a st raight at the forepart of the processing machine. Screws experience the side of the straight in predrilled openings into fiting gaps in the push. Screw four jail watch into each side of the pushes. Interface a force abroad message from the force gracefully into each push. Other than plug a data abroad message into each push thus into the articulated push association on the motherboard. six. Slide each card into the card openings at the dorsum of the motherboard. This can incorporate sound. picture and some other card you have. The cards slide into the fiting card space on the motherboard ; so you screw them into the example to keep them in topographic point. seven. Match the little wires originating from the processing machine case to the motherboard. Contingent upon the occasion. you may hold wherever from three to a twelve or more. There will be in any event power. reset and troublesome push abroad messages. These abroad messages slide into pins on the motherboard. Counsel the motherboard manual for the specific area. These interest to be associated so you can control your processing machine on and off. Different abroad messages may remember some for the forepart of the case for USB associations or sound sources of info. eight. Close the occurrence and screw the entryway over into topographic point. The figuring machine is currently gathered and prepared to demonstrate. 2 ) Procedure for figuring machine disassembly1. Fix every one of your instruments which incorporate Long Philip Screw Driver and Soft Wide Bristle Brush 2. Before opening the framework occurrence. be sure to kill the framework unit. Mood killer and separate the AVR from the divider attachment each piece great. After that. detach all the abroad wires connecting to the dorsum of the framework unit. In the wake of uncluttering all the associated abroad messages. set the framework unit on a vacant working even cluster. 3. Contact the unpainted segment of your framework unit with your exposed hands to take the ESD of your natural structure. This is an of import divide before opening your framework example. You may destruct your RAM. Chipsets and different constituents of your motherboard. 4. Evacuate the jail gatekeepers of the side screen antonym to the side where the ports are. By most framework occasions. in the event that you are going up against the dorsum of the framework unit the correct side screen is to be expelled. Return the jail watches back to the jail monitor gaps to abstain from losing them. | 5. When the side screen is expelled. turn your framework side down where the opened side of the framework unit ought to go up against upward where you can easily look down on the inside of your framework example. 6. The old measure readies our readiness take the constituents within the figuring machine. The principal thing is to take the force gracefully. To have the option to take the force gracefully. take principal the molex associations ( the white plastic association at the tip of the wires of the force gracefully ) or the motherboard power association. drive power associations. the floppy push power association. the SATA power associations and the four pin 12-volt motherboard association. With all force associations are expelled from the motherboard and pushes. the force flexibly is currently okay to be expelled each piece great. Continuously have the evacuated constituents put in a far off and safe topographic point off from where you are executing figuring machine dismantling . 7. With the force flexibly expelled. the informations abroad wire ought to be expelled following. This incorporates IDE. SATA. what's more, floppy push abroad wires. Secure the evacuated data abroad messages. 8. Following to take are the RAM. Video Card and other card fringe constituents. Again have them made sure about in a safe topographic point and put the jail watches back. Clean the association fringes of the card peripherals by scouring the gold shaded edge sensibly with a gum flexible eraser so forgetting about the destroying. Do non attempt to clean the fringe by passing or brushing it over with your fingers since the natural structure is acidic and may just do the outskirts to recolor quicker. 9. Evacuate all pushes. This will incorporate the troublesome push. album/dvd pushes. also, the floppy push. 10. The accompanying thing to make is to take the front board associations. This will incorporate the USB. Front Panel ( FP ) and Audio heading. In the event that you are non sure of which association is being match to. create down or report the associations and direction of the associations before taking them from the headings. Recall that non all motherboards have a similar heading group of stars so be cautious and alarm while archiving. 11. In the wake of taking the heading associations. we are currently prepared to take the motherboard. To take the motherboard. turn up principal all the jail watches and daintily unscrew all jail monitors on the other hand. With this strategy. we are cut bringing down the danger of distorting or flexing our motherboard. Upon daintily extricating all jail monitors. take all jail watches so. Expel the motherboard via cautiously and softly drawing it off from the I/O shield. Subsequent to freeing the motherboard ports from the I/O shield openings. raise up the motherboard and set it on the safe topographic point. 12. Clean the framework unit human body with your coppice. other than clean your motherboard and the rest of the peripherals being expelled.

Study Breaks, Apple Pies, and Formal Halls

Study Breaks, Apple Pies, and Formal Halls First off a few notes of clarification. CME stands for Cambridge-MIT Exchange. This is the actual exchange program. CMI is the Cambridge-MIT Institute that promotes partnership happenings between the two universities. They are the people that started CME and have been funding it for the past few years. So its been a little over a month since we got to England and the first term is half way over! I really cant believe it. The first few weeks went by really fast and now that works been piling up, the weeks are dragging on. But its okay because Im here with 24 other really amazing MIT students. Not all of us knew each other before we came. But lately weve been having lots of get-togethers, study breaks, and formal swaps. We had our first CME study break at Downing College. Lots of people showed up with food so it was really awesome! A few days later, some of us visited Girton College, which (I think) is the farthest college from the city center. Its about 45 minutes to walk there. It is an amazingly nice college that has grass that you can actually walk on! And then theres the apple orchard. I really wish we had taken some pictures of this. There was a large field with apple trees and we went apple picking. It was so much fun. We stuffed a bag full of apples and then went to Sainsburys (the local supermarket) and got some pie making ingredients. Later that night, we went over to Downing College again since they have actual kitchens and made lots of apple goodies. A week later we had a CME formal which was attended by MIT students as well as Cambridge students who went to MIT the year before. We all had a great time. Some people had a little too much to drink. We went to various pubs afterwards and I think some people actually stayed up to watch the Red Sox game. Just a few days ago, we had another study break at Queens College. I got there very late but it was great to see other MIT students again. Since we live in different colleges and are taking different classes, its nice to have get-togethers. I see the other two MIT students in Course 1 (civil engineering) everyday but otherwise, thats about it. Im inviting the other CME students to come to Caius College for a formal next week. So stay tune. I promise I will get off the topic of food (soon).

Common Application Essay Option 6 Losing Track of Time

The Common Application added essay option number in 2017 and it seems like the prompt will stick around. The prompt reads: Prompt 6 Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more? Read over all of the prompts before deciding which one you will be able to respond to most effectively. Prompt 6 is appealing because it allows you to explore nearly any topic of interest but, like the other prompts on the Common Application, it can be difficult to answer. To come up with an effective strategy for responding to this question, break it down to understand what it is really requesting. What Does It Mean? The central focus of this question is losing track of time and the purpose is to find out what excites you most. The question is asking you what subjects or activities you find so intriguing that you become entirely absorbed in them to the point of being able to think about nothing else. If youve ever found your mind wandering off thinking about something you love only to discover that an hour has gone by, thats the kind of topic this essay prompt wants you to explore. If you arent sure of anything that you are that enthusiastic about, you should consider selecting a different prompt. This essay option overlaps some with other options, especially option 4 about a problem youd like to solve. For some people, the subject they most enjoy contemplating or researching is a solution to a problem. It is up to you whether you choose option 4 or 6 to talk about this topic. Describe, Justify, and Explain This essay prompt wants you to do three things with your topic:  describe  it, justify  why it interests you, and explain how you learn more about it. While you should not spend the same amount of time in your essay on each of these areas, you need to put a good deal of thought into all three parts—thoroughly responding to every part of the prompt ensures that you have given college admissions officer the answers they are looking for. Describe Describing your topic, idea, or concept should be one of the first things you do in your essay. Clearly and concisely tell your readers what it is that you find so captivating and be as specific as possible. Dont get carried away with your description. Give a brief summary of your topic to prepare your readers but remember that the introduction of the topic is not the meat of the essay. Introduce your topic neatly to demonstrate your ability to be succinct—your readers will be looking to the rest of your essay, not the description, to learn the most about your personality. Justify Justifying why your chosen subject captivates you will tell your readers the most about your personality, so be sure that this section is strong and takes up the largest portion of your essay. Set yourself apart from other applicants by thoughtfully explaining why your passions are your passions. Rather than trying too hard to choose something that will make you seem unique, choose to write about something that you genuinely care about and speak from the heart. Becoming so captivated in something that you lose track of time is significant and the things that excite you like this say a lot about you. Make a lasting impression on admissions committees with good writing and zeal and welcome the opportunity to talk about the thing that you love. Explain The purpose of explaining how you study your topic is to demonstrate your research abilities and motivation to learn. Show your readers that you know how to gather information and seek out knowledge beyond a quick internet search. Describe your deep dives—where do your searches lead you? How do go about finding further reading? Do you consult any professionals about the topic? Write enough so that your readers fully understand how you pursue knowledge but keep in mind that explaining your research is not the most important part. How to Choose Your Focus The best topic to write about depends entirely on the individual. Choose something for which your passion or interest is sincere and make sure that there is enough substance to your topic that you can explain why it deeply affects you. The essay prompt is so broad that it may seem daunting. To get started, think about the things you care most about and narrow your options down to only those that you can honestly describe, justify, and explain. Examples of Prompt 6 essay topics include: The way humans grieveA scientific theory such as the big bang, quantum theory, or genetic engineeringThe implications of reef collapse This essay is your chance to be personal and true to yourself so take time to find the perfect topic. Topics to Avoid When choosing something to write about, consider whether you would be proud to tell an admissions board that the subject causes you to lose track of time—not just any topic will make colleges want to admit you. Video games, romantic pursuits, and watching movies are all examples of topics to save for another essay. Also remember that the prompt is asking you to write about a topic, idea, or concept, not an activity. Avoid talking about hobbies or pastimes such as sports, playing an instrument, and socializing. A Final Word The colleges you are applying to want to know as much about you as they can before admitting you as a student. Data from grades, SAT scores and AP scores will all be looked at but do not tell much about your character. This essay is your opportunity to introduce yourself to what will hopefully be alma mater someday and frame the rest of your college career. Decide how you want to come across to college boards and admissions officers and use this to inform your writing. A strong essay will show that you are passionate and eager to learn, and that is exactly the type of student all colleges are looking for.

Pro And Cons Of Technology Essay - 1287 Words

Introduction For the 21-century learner, learning how to navigate technology is essential to success in life. In addition to reading, math, social studies, and science, technology is becoming an important part of curriculum. Integration of technology into already existing curriculum is necessary to maximum instructional time. In addition to preparing learners for technology use in future occupations, technology can enhance a student’s learning especially in reading. With the invention of many new technological advances, there are various ways that technology can support reading instruction for above, on, and below grade level students. Although technology use in the classroom can have some disadvantages, technology integration that†¦show more content†¦Another technology disadvantage is failure. Whether it is the actual device, lack of internet connection, or loss of power, a back-up is needed in the event of such failure. In addition, there is growing evidence that too muc h screen time can be harmful to both mental and physical growth. According to the Digital Responsibility website, some health concerns associated with excessive screen time are mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, vision issues, weigh issues, and social issues (Digital Responsibility). Best Practices for Integrating Technology in the Classroom When technology is integrated responsibly and purposefully in instruction, the advantages of technology use outweigh the potential disadvantages. One best practice for integrating technology in reading instruction is to preview and assess how the technology will enhance instruction. According to an article on the Sunrise Associates website, the most meaningful integration of technology happens with â€Å"†¦the matching of the appropriate tool to the task at hand† (2013). Another important best practice is embedding technology use in daily instruction in order to teach â€Å"technology literacy,† a necessary skill for the 21st century learner, and to give students â€Å"†¦authentic, student centered learning† that is otherwise not addressed in traditional instruction (Sunrise Associates 2013). In addition to embedding technology daily,Show MoreRelated The Pros and Cons of Technology Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Technology As far back as I can remember my family and I have taken advantage of technology. The types of technology have changed over the years, along with our usage and dependence on it. Technology is a fundamental part of our lifestyle, including both work and play. What is interesting is that we also have many friends who use very little technology in their day-to-day living. This drastic difference makes one wonder how necessary the technology really is, and whether orRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Technology Essay687 Words   |  3 Pages People very often debate whether technology is good or bad. Many people believe that technology can only cause harm to their lives and society, while many others strongly defend the technologies which have made their lives much more leisurely and enriching than it could have been several hundred years ago. In my opinion, both of these views are correct to an extent, but I also believe that what should be examined is not whether technology in its self is good or bad, but rather how we as humans useRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Technology Essay3669 Words   |  15 Pagesquestion that faces our society. If technology is harmful, then we need to minimize or eliminate the danger. 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Finally, I will conclude the essay by summarizing the future of this technology and includingRead MorePros And Cons Of The Electoral College738 Words   |  3 Pagesestablished it in the Constitution as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens. There’s pros and cons of the electoral college, and by the end of this essay you may decide if you’re for or against it. To begin, Pro number one is that the founding fathers â€Å"enshrined† the electoral college in the constitution because they believed it’d be the best method in choosing a president. The electoral college

Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions Free Essays

Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions Introduction The philosophies of early Chinese thinkers differ greatly from the mindset of modern day philosophers. The four major philosophies of China, Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism arose primarily during the Warring States era from 475 BC to 221 BC. Following the end of the Qin Dynasty and the fall of Qin Shi Huang, Confucianism became the dominant philosophical school in China. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Confucianism represented the teachings of Chinese philosopher, Confucius, concerning the fields of ethics and politics and emphasizes on personal and government morality, humaneness and one’s duty to family and society. Following the popularity of Confucianism and the death of Confucius, the creation of The Analects or Lunyu , was written by Confucius’ followers and disciples in the Warring States period. His teachings were the first to introduce the concept of meritocracy which considers that one’s status in society should not be determined by ancestry, wealth, or friendship but rather on education and one’s character. Confucius also explores notions on human nature and self cultivation and the purpose of human existence. This paper will focus on early Chinese philosophies of the relationship between the individual and the state and the relationship between man and nature with references and examples from the film, Red Cliff. The Relationship between the Individual and the State The three core concepts of Confucianism, â€Å"filial devotion (xiao), humaneness (ren), and ritual decorum (li)† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 3) embed the behavioural standards and expectations of how a person should practice these virtues. Furthermore, the three essential values integrate into Confucius’ views on government as well. Filial piety practiced within one’s family translates into how much one is willing to give to society which results in the stability of a state. Humaneness observes the importance of a ruler treating his people as how he would want to be treated if he were in their po sition. In Confucius’ perspective, ritual offers a sense of respect s rites are a mean of expression of a leader’s morality and also â€Å"encourages a sense of dignity and responsiveness among the people† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 43). Filial piety ? is considered the most fundamental of all Confucian teachings. The term can have a broad meaning that not only includes the obedience a child must show for his parents but also respect that should be shown to the living and dead. Filial piety develops into five relationships: ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, and friend to friend. When subjects respect their ruler and the ruler respects the Heavens, the state will in turn thrive and prosper. From The Analects, Confucius states, â€Å"If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well without orders. But if he himself is not upright, even though he gives orders they will not be obeyed†. The concept of filial piety is displayed in many different ways in the film, Red Cliff. Because of the compassion and brotherhood the southern warlord, Liu Bei, has shown towards his subjects, they were prepared to sacrifice their lives for him and the state. Because Liu Bei has treated his ministers and warriors with respect, as a result, they willingly followed his leadership. Conversely on Cao Cao’s side, his subjects were obedient towards him but only because they were afraid of him. They know not to trust Cao Cao because of his apprehensive and suspicious character that could result in impulsive decisions to kill anyone without any reason or justification. Loosely quoted from Zhuge Liang, â€Å"Although Cao Cao leads a large army, the majority surrendered to him so they are not as trustworthy. † He has not shown humaneness ? o his subjects, therefore they were not motivated to fight for him. Another example of filial piety and the relationship between the individual and the state is displayed through Xiao Qiao’s decision to cross over to Cao Cao’s camp in order to buy time for the Southerners. Her duty to her husband and the state required her to forsake her personal interests including her life, her child ’s life, and her relationship with her husband, for the greater good. â€Å"This is our home. Our people gladly give their lives for her sake. How can I stand idly by. † – Xiao Qiao (Red Cliff II, 2009) Many Western philosophers may not understand and argue that the Chinese philosophy of individualism emphasizes on one’s connection to external powers of authority rather than total independence and creativity. However the Chinese tradition is not about conforming each person’s ideas and sacrificing oneself for society, it â€Å"focuses on the individual as a vitally integrated element within a larger familial, social, political, and cosmic whole† (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Brindley). The core meaning of individualism is the thought of one’s self cultivation and the moral obligation to society and the importance of public service. This definition leads to the term junzi which simply means the ideal of becoming the â€Å"perfect man† who â€Å"combines the qualities of saint, scholar, and gentleman†. The two most prominent examples of a junzi in the film are Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang. Zhou Yu’s forgiving nature allows him to achieve a greater good for his people when he chose to pardon his friend’s action of siding with Cao Cao. He did not choose to kill him when his childhood friend tried to convince him to surrender to Cao Cao but instead tolerated his friend’s disloyal character. On the other hand, Zhuge Liang is a good representation of a junzi as he uses his moral autonomy to help the people. Because he knows clearly what is right and wrong, he combines his intelligence with righteousness to convince others of accepting his strategies as an advisor. In conclusion, both having filial piety and being a junzi are two of the ways the early Chinese believe an individual can contribute back into society. In the film Red Cliff, the underlying moral of the story relates back to these two themes whether it is in the form of brotherhood, husband and wife or a leader and his subjects. The Relationship between Man and Nature The relationship between man and nature in classical Chinese philosophy can be characterized as the â€Å"relation of Heaven and man† or the fundamental concept of â€Å"tienren he yi† . The academic aim of Chinese thinkers was to educate the people on this philosophy. As quoted from Sima Qian stating the purpose of his work Records of the Grand Historian, â€Å"I want to hereby elucidate the relation of Heaven and man, to discern its historical development from Past to Present, and to state my distinctive views. After the middle period of the Warring States, classical thinkers strongly emphasized the relation of Heaven and man. When Confucius speaks about the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† and when Mozi talks about the â€Å"Will of Heaven†, they are ultimately referring to nature as Heaven being the supreme entity of the world, above all kings and all sources of power. However this philosophy was divided into two sides, one highlighting the unity between man and nature and the other putting much emphasis on the separation of the two. Nevertheless, the doctrines supporting the unity of man and nature was more influential and accepted more widely as the thought of stressing on the separation of the two was only held by a minority. Therefore it can be assumed that most Chinese philosophers place high social values on peace and harmony and the idea of â€Å"unity of nature and man†. To the Chinese, the relationship between humans and nature was regarded as reciprocals. Heaven, earth, and man represented a single unity governed by the cosmic law or dao. Mencius, the most famous of Confucius’ followers, thought of Heaven as the highest order in which even the emperor or â€Å"Son of Heaven† should obey. Reinstating the idea of the hierarchy of respect Mencius states that †¦when the personal life is cultivated, the family will be regulated; when the family is regulated, the state will be in order; and when the state is in order, there will be peace throughout the world. From the Son of Heaven down to the common people, all must regard the cultivation of personal life as the root or foundation. Mencius believed that a person’s moral self is the basis of having a harmonized society. And in order for a leader to earn the respect and support of his subjects, he must first respect the Heavens. Since humans are an integral part of nature, man should also obey the laws of nature. According the Mencius, human nature is given by Heaven, therefore the two are interconnected. In Confucian thinking, the meaning of Heaven or nature has a variety of aspects, including the sky, weather, the natural order, and also a moral order. One of Confucius’ disciples Xunzi quotes â€Å"tian as a atural order, operating according to unchanging principles, not intervening in extraordinary ways in human affair but, rather, providing the context within which all living things exist† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 170). Other Confucians also adopted the idea of oneness of Heaven and man. â€Å"All things exist together, and they do not harm each other; all ways exist together, a nd they do not come into conflict† – Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean). In the film Red Cliff, an example of acting out against nature or Heaven can be seen from Cao Cao’s perception of the war. When Cao Cao tells Zhou Yu that he cannot believe he lost the war because of the wind, Zhou Yu replies him, â€Å"Because you don’t understand the Will of Heaven. † The meaning of this phrase can be seen as having two connotations. The first, because Cao Cao did not understand the patterns of the weather, he was unable to predict the time when the wind was going to change directions. The second significance has a more profound undertone in which Zhou Yu means that Cao Cao did not recognize the natural order wherein society should follow under harmonized principles that the Heavens intended (tian yi, . Because Cao Cao always thought he was responsible for bringing together all the states as an order of the Emperor, he could not see past his own greed and ambitions. He perceived the war as child’s play and disrupts peace in the country to achieve his goal of total dominance. His belief of unifying the states contradicts the early philosophers’ notions of all things existing in harmony and having self cultivation and moral order as the true â€Å"Will of Heaven†. Conclusion In conclusion, one can see that classical Chinese philosophers developed ideas that are rarely seen in Western philosophies. The Chinese philosophies characterize how fundamental they perceive moral principles and self cultivation as the basis of society. Essentially, these notions relate to the promotion of human relations towards a harmonious society through its inclusiveness of Heaven, Earth, and Human order. Reference List De, Bary William Theodore, Irene Bloom, Wing-tsit Chan, Joseph Adler, and Richard John Lufrano. Sources of Chinese Tradition. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. Print Hagop Sarkissian. â€Å"Individualism in Early China: Human Agency and the Self in Thought and Politics (review). † Philosophy East and West 62. 3 (2012): 408-410. Project MUSE. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. http://muse. jhu. edu/. Red Cliff Chi Bi. Magnolia Home Entertainment, 2008. DVD â€Å"Theories Concerning Man and Nature in Classical Chinese Philosophy. † CHAPTER I. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. http://www. crvp. org/book/Series03/III-1/chapter_i. htm. How to cite Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions, Essay examples

Applications of Visa in Australia Market †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Explain Applications of the 457 Visa in Australia Market? Answer: Introduction Australian government is planning to amend the current regulations in the subclass 457 Visa to give more priority to the national workforce. This analysis includes the background of the 457 Visa for the sponsoring of people of oversea to meet the scarcity of labor in the Australian market. At the same time, it includes the major changes or amendments that are going to impose by the Australian immigration government. Impacts of the changes over the 457 Visa have also discussed. Background of the 457 Visa Visa is essential for migration from one country to another country. Basically, visa is an identity for the foreign or overseas people to easily control the system of a country. Countries allow the people to visit the entire state with the validation of the visas time period. Australian government is follows strict regulation regarding the movement of the people from other geographical planet. Australia is very well developed country so people are excited to visit once Australia for permanent or short term stay (Berg, 2015). In context of the study most of the students are oversea students come to the Australia. Along with this, there are various category of visa according to the requirement like travel, education purpose and for work purpose. Regarding these different rules and regulation are complied or imposed to follow. Visitors in Australia are continuously increasing and the people for permanent migration for Australia are also increasing. 457 Visa is an important type of visa for the immigration programme in Australia. Basically, it is the visa through which employer can go for long term and short term of time period in Australia (Breen, 2016). It is stated that Australia is the mostly private business owned country where large number of skilled employers are required. Further, at the peak time of work in Australia there is a shortage of skilled worker to carry out the manufacturing or other activities of the perspective business than 457 Visa holders are allowed to move in the country for work for long time as mentioned in the last for four years. Further, it is subclass 457 Visa which was employed before 20 years. It is one of the most sponsor programmes which explore the opportunities in the Australia country to get familiar with the values, norms and work culture of the Australian labor market (Wright et. al, 2016). Applications of the 457 Visa in Australia market Australian labor market is the mix of high skilled and low skilled and most of the Australian business opportunities are bifurcated for the skilled and experienced workers to carry out the process. In addition to this, employers want to meet out the requirement of the skilled workers so that they hire the labor from the foreign or overseas market to hold the vast majority of 457 Visa holders (Mares, 2016). At the same time, most number of the 457 Visa holders is entitled to work for high skilled reference in the Australian economy. Economic immigration is mostly benefit for the Australian economic development and supply of the high skilled people from various business lines 457 Visa is required for the employer sponsor. On the other hand, it is not applicable for the students are traveler. In addition to this, students those are living in Australia currently can grab the opportunity to work as skilled people. It is also reviewed that immigrant migration rate is increasing rapidly from 1990s as there bubbled the growth in labor and high skilled work programme (Smith et. al, 2016). Australian government can use the domestic mechanism to encourage and motivate the people at specified wages rates. Along with this, the Turnbull government has not conducted any training programme for the skills enhancement of the migrants or domestic labor. As per the labor market law, if the occupation is listed on the Medium and Long term Strategic Skilled List than employee can work for four year if it is not registered than it allows only two years working in the Australia (Bales et. al, 2017). Advantages and disadvantages of the 457 Visa in Australia 457 Visa is beneficial for the short time works those are willing to work at least 12 months in the Australia than industry, company and institutions can offer the visa to work in. At the same time, it is also important for the visitors to take the advantages of the visa. Basically, 457 Visa was launched in year 1996 to meet out the shortage of the skilled labor in the Australian market (Breen, 2016). Along with this, visa holders can earn good amount of money in this short term of time period as it would not be paid by other industry. On the other hand, 457 Visa has some of consequences that may derail the benefits of the visa in country (Oliver and Wright, 2016). In addition to this, 457 Visa holders are only skilled works their only not more than that. Further, the employees on visa are not permitted the various facilities and benefits from the Australian government as it cannot use the health care service for free and not a member for vote cast. Moreover, they are also bound to pay the tax under the government provisions. It is also reviewed that they are unable to change the job in other stream as they were hired. Amendments by the Australian Government in Concern to the 457 Visa Rules and Regulation 457 Visa is introduced as the 20 years before in the year 1996 to bring the high skilled and low skilled workers in the Australian industry market where the employers are facing the challenges in finding the suitable workers for their organization (Sherrell, Wright and Howe, 2017). Therefore, the need for subclass Visa is offered by the employers to get the workers from foreign or overseas market. Basically, this visa is permitted by the Australian government to the verified applicants from the foreign market. It is conceived that the 457 visa holders can misuse the visa by transferring the authority to use for the same. Australian government has changes the policies regarding the 457 visa for its reliable implications. In concern to this, time duration to stay in Australian after complication has been changed (Border, 2014). Immigration minister Peter Dutton has announced that the sponsor employee can live in the country when his proposed occupation completed only for 60 days. In ad dition to this, the previous time period was 90 days and it has reduced by 30 days for the 457 visa holders. It is contempt that if an employee from overseas stay in the county on the supplement of the Australian people so it impacts the opportunity for the domestic workers which indirectly influence the economic consideration for long time and creates huge challenges for the Australian labor market (Border, 2017). Along with this, government has made the changes in the immigration policy and it would be difficult for the workers to extend the time duration for being in the Australia. Along with this, two different streams would be offered to the 457 visa holders those are going on the sponsorship, one is short -term would be for two years and long term would be for four years as it was four years only before amendments (NEWS, 2017). Moreover, the government has reduced the number of job for the subclass 457 visa holders overseas. From the market analysis, it is analyzed that some o f skilled people such as chefs, cooks and food manager is difficult to find so these area would be flexible. Apart from this, the time duration for the immigrants to hunt another job after completion of the sponsor job has also been extended by 28 days to 90 days (Larsen, 2013). Meanwhile, it can revamped that the amendments that has been made only restricting the overseas workers and increasing or liberalizing the policies to do work in the country. Along with this, the government trying to give much priority to the domestic skilled workers rather than foreign workers because the immigrant for long time span are creating more competition for the Australian workers so in terms of reducing the competition government has more focused on the national priority. Apart from this, the Australian government has started training programme for the Australian workers to enhance the compatibility in the intensive labor market (Waldron and Ali, 2016). Further, the government would impose more restriction on the process of sponsorship and unlawful activities would be penalized. Further, the immigration department found out that the call the people from foreign on 457 Visa which is costly and is not effective to resolve the issue for long time so it has adopted the recommendations. Moreover, English is essential for 457 Visa holders to easily get the grant from the sponsor of Australia and it had the strictness to score in English but as of now amendments it has changed toward flexible procedure for easily migration. In addition to this, it is necessary for the immigrants to track the criminal records for the applicants (Hallandwilcox, 2015). Further, the government has wet the rule for minimum two years of experience in concurrent profession. Some of the changes are implemented for employers such as they need to hire the employee below the age of 45 years while application. Along with this they need to pay the salary at the market rate. 457 Visa has also amended with new legislation as to provide the details of nominations to while an applicant is applying for subclass 457 visa (Fakhoury, 2016). Therefore, these were the proposed amendments that need to be implemented by the government of Australia. Implications over the Amendments in 457 Visa Regulations Australian government has revamped that the current regulations for the 457 Visa is not appropriate for the mostly Australian workers and economy while foreign immigrants are affecting the domestic workers by holding the job of perspective market (Qiu, 2016). Different amendments would be applied from categorized date. The main aim of the Australian government is to reduce the priority of subclass 457 and strengthen the national people. Basically, these amendments in the 457 Visa would impact the potential Visa holders when they are going on the sponsor basis. At the same time, the employer would also be affected by the new regulations that need to be strictly followed (Anderson, 2017). Moreover, the current visa holder are pursuing in the occupation of Australian market would not be impacted. These amendments would affect the business where the business would not be efficiently retaining the talent in the industry for long time. Overall, these amendments and changes benefitted the Australian workers and best interest for them. Conclusion On the basis of above analysis in relation to the amendments in the 457 Visa for the subclass, it can be concluded that it would create difficulties for the future business implementation because it would be able to sponsor and retain the skilled workers for the business because of strict law imposing. Further, it would impact somehow current employer, it would be a challenge for new applicants. It can also be concluded that these changes would be directly or indirectly benefit the Australian skilled workers and subtle the industry to prepare the domestic labor to reduce the competition in the prevailing market dilemma. References: Anderson, S. (2017) Government abolishing 457 visas, Malcolm Turnbull says. [Online]. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-18/government-abolishing-457-visas/8450310 (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Bales, R., Alizia, L., Banno, M., Jockel, M., Pang, M. and Tso, C. (2017) Translational Employment Trends In Four- Pacific Countries. UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal, 34(1), pp. 1-46. Berg, L. (2015) Migrant Rights at Work: Law's precariousness at the intersection of immigration and labour. UK: Routledge. Border, (2014) Australias Migration Trends 201213. [Online]. Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/LegacyPagesandAboutUs/Documents/statistics/migration-trends-2012-13.pdf (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Border, (2017) Abolition and replacement of the 457 visa Government reforms to employer sponsored skilled migration visas. [Online]. Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Work/457-abolition-replacement (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Breen, F. (2016) Australian Immigration Policy in Practice: a case study of skill recognition and qualification transferability amongst Irish 457 visa holders. Australian Geographer, 47(4), pp. 491-509. Breen, F. (2016) Australian Immigration Policy in Practice: acase study of skill recognition and qualification transferability amongst Irish 457 visa holders. Australian Geographer, pp. 1-20. Oliver, D. and Wright, C. (2016) Australias shifting skills ecosystem: Contemporary challenges in education, training and immigration' in Industrial Relations Reform: Looking to the Future. Federation Press, Sydney, pp. 163-186. Fakhoury, R. (2016) Australia: Subclass 457 Visa Program Amended Under New Legislation - Week Of April 18th. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/535658/work+visas/AUSTRALIA+Subclass+457+Visa+Program+Amended+Under+New+Legislation (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Hallandwilcox, (2015) Guide for sponsoring skilled personnel to Australia the 457 visa. [Online]. Available at: https://www.hallandwilcox.com.au/guide-for-sponsoring-skilled-personnel-to-australia-the-457-visa/ (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Larsen, G. (2013) The subclass 457 visa: a quick guide. [Online]. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/QG/Subclass457Visa (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Mares, P. (2016) Unintended Consequences of Temporary Migration to Australia. Unintended Consequences: The impact of migration law and policy, pp. 81. NEWS, (2017) What you need to know about the 457 visa changes. [Online]. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-457-visa-changes/news-story/3894724396a5c7f99491c961ae9b8088 (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Patty, A. (2017) Are the 457 visa reforms an illusion act? [Online]. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/are-the-457-visa-reforms-an-illusion-act-20170420-gvokqk.html (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Qiu, L. (2016) Australia: New policy changes to sponsoring 457 workers. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/507964/work+visas/New+policy+changes+to+sponsoring+457+workers (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Sherrell, H., Wright, F. and Howe, J. (2017) 457 abolished: How the Temporary Skill Shortage Visa works. [Online]. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/457-abolished-how-the-temporary-skill-shortage-visa-works/news-story/3e761090198b6d12b8baddab9c77dc1a (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Smith, D., Payne, D., Horne, M., Claridge, D. (2016) Developments in Australian migration. Canadian Studies in Population, 43(1-2), pp. 117-145. Waldron, D. and Ali, S. (2016) New Australian 457 visa rules announced for January 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.workpermit.com/news/new-australian-457-visa-rules-announced-january-2017-20160927 (Accessed: 19 May 2017). Wright, C., Clibborn, S., Piper, N. and Cini, N. (2016) Economic migration and Australia in the 21st century. [Online]. Available at: https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/6737/wright_et_al_economic_migration_and_australia_in_the_21st_century_0_0.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed: 19 May

Roswell Essays (1014 words) - Roswell UFO Incident, Walter Haut

Roswell Brazel's ranch was from an Army Air Force balloon. The new report states many new explanations. It says that ...witnesses are mistaken about when the events they saw occurred, and they also are seriously mistaken about details of the events. The report also states: Witnesses are conflating together, several events that occurred at different times, into a single event, and in every instance, the events the witnesses saw were normal Air Force activities. Surprisingly, the Air Force has never produced a weather balloon that matches witness accounts(Rodeghier). According to CUFOS analysts, the report is clumsily padded to make it appear lengthy and impressive(Rodeghier) Large fonts, wide margins, as well as irrelevant photos were also used. The new report also never mentioned or made any effort to interview witnesses that are still-living(Rodeghier). The Center for U.F.O. Studies(CUFOS) found several flaws and problems with the new report. The Air Force considers a man named Gerald Anderson to be a credible and honest witness, who is simply mistaken about places, dates, and details. The CUFOS says that there are no Roswell researchers that believe Gerald Anderson to be a credible witness. He falsified phone records and a diary to support his claims(Rodeghier). The Air Force also ignored the testimony of credible witnesses. A man named Frank Kaufman was involved with the recovery of the crashed object. Written notes, belonging to Kaufman, were given to the Air Force before the report was issued. Nothing pertaining to Kaufman or his notes appeared in the report(Rodeghier). The Air Force claims that the wreckage was a type of test balloon with life-like dummies inside(Rodeghier) Key witnesses cannot be placed at any balloon recoveries(Rodeghier). The report appears to depend on the UFO witnesses having actually viewed balloon and dummy recoveries. According to CUFOS response to the Air Force report, No witness involved in Roswell can be placed at any recovery. There is another problem ?e The Truth is Out There, Somewhere: Roswell, New Mexico Fifty years ago, in an isolated section of the southwestern desert of New Mexico, an incident occurred that has yet to be fully explained. It is referred to as the Roswell Incident. Others refer to it as Cosmic Watergate. Several people believe that it was a UFO,(unidentified flying object) containing aliens, that crashed and was recovered by the government. Others believe that there is no supportive evidence to back this theory. The government has released reports and determined the case to be closed. But, the facts show, life on other planets does exist. In early July of 1947, the incident began with several reports of a glowing object in the sky about 9:50P.M. during a large storm. The next morning, it was evident that something had crashed into the land tended by rancher, W.W. Mac Brazel(UFO Phenomenon 39). The strange debris was found scattered over a large portion of his ranch. It consisted of a tinfoil-like substance, strands of wire, small metallic rods covered with indecipherable writing, and pieces of parchment-like paper(UFO: Enigma 63). Mac collected a few scraps and carried them to the local sheriff, George Wilcox(Jeffrey). He was baffled at what he saw and contacted the Roswell Army Air Field, home of the world's only atomic attack unit(UFO: Enigma 63). Colonel William Blanchard, commander of the 509th Bomb Group, ordered Major Jesse A. Marcel to investigate the matter. He was the group's intelligence officer. An entire day was spent at Brazel's ranch. The material was surveyed and then loaded into two vehicles. Reports say that the material was then transferred onto a B-29 and flown to Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth, Texas(UFO: Enigma). Several tests were conducted on the debris. Shortly before Marcel's death in 1978, he confessed and told researchers that the material was nothing made on earth(UFO: Enigma 63). He told them of tests that were conducted. It turns out that the material could not be dented with a 16-pound sledgehammer, nor burned with a blowtorch. During Marcel's interview, he also stated that the material was no thicker than the tinfoil in a pack of cigarettes(UFO: Enigma 63). Around the same time as Brazel's discovery, Grady L. Barnett, who was more than 100 miles away from Roswell, came across what appeared to be a portion of a 'flying disc'(UFO: Enigma 63). According to Barnett, four small dead bodies lay beside it. They had frail limbs, and disproportionately large heads with big slanted eyes(UFO: Enigma). Barnett also says that he found

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McDonalds Standardisation of Products

McDonalds Standardisation of Products Should marketers attempt to standardize their products and marketing communications so as to minimize the costs of doing business internationally? Or should they adapt their products and messages depending on the market in which they wish to operate? Students should provide suitable examples from the academic literature and your own business knowledge when responding to the question. In the case of this question students may want to consider the arguments of Theodore Levitt, especially when he argued against the marketing concept, stating that firms should standardize their products to obtain maximum economies of scale in production. There have been numerous critiques of this position, with other academics arguing that products have to be adapted to local conditions for a host of reasons, such as avoiding creating offence in the marketing of certain products in countries where religious codes do not sanction certain forms of consumption. The key case study to illustrate such adaptation, among many others, is MacDonalds. INTRODUCTION: With ever increasing improvements in transport, communications and reduced trade barriers, international trading which was once considered a luxury is now a necessity in many sectors (Vrontis et al., 1999). Once the decision to venture into international markets has been taken, there are two broad strategies, which can be adopted. A fundamental strategic decision has to made immediately as to whether to employ a uniform marketing mix (standardisation strategy) as part of a global strategy or whether to adjust the marketing mix and strategies (Adaptation strategy) to take account of the unique characteristics of each local market (Vrontis and Vronti, 2004). The debate over standardisation versus adaptation of marketing strategy in international markets has been intense and has gone on for a long time. The focus of this intense argument has been whether marketers at international or global level should standardise their products and communications to all markets within which they opera te around the world or whether the products and communication should be adapted or tailored to reflect varying infrastructure, cultural and behavioural dimensions associated with different markets in the global arena. Both sides of the debate have been addressed in the marketing literature over the years, with arguments offered as to why an emphasis on standardisation rather than adaptation should be pursued and vice versa but no definitive outcome of this debate has emerged (Douglas Craig, 1986; Vrontis, Thrassou Lamprianou, 2009). McCarthy (1975) introduced the concept of marketing mix or 4 Ps (product, price, promotion and place and firms have based their marketing plans on this to gain competitive advantage. However with particular attention to services marketing Fifield and Gilligan (1996) identified three additional variables, which then became an integral part of the marketing mix and which has become popularly known as the 7Ps namely product, place, price, promotion, people, process and physical. The Marketing mix has been used as the basis of marketing plans and therefore it is employed in the provision of goods and services whether a company uses globalisation stategy standardisation strategy or both. This essay will discuss the globalisation of markets and will dwell particularly on the marketing strategies used by firms once they decide to enter international markets. The broad strategies of standardisation of the marketing mix on one hand and the adaptation of the marketing mix on the other hand will be highlighted. Finally, the contingency strategy which is the combination of both the standardisation and adaptation strategies will be discussed and will be and justified as the best to be considered by marketers. Globalisation Globalisation is a widely used term and as such is defined in many different contexts. Walker and Fox (1999) define globalisation as the global integration of the financial markets and argue that the process of financial globalisation is the most important part of the process of globalisation. Neuland and Hough (1999) see globalisation as the interconnectedness of the world economy. Gill (2000) define globalisation as the reduction of transaction cost of transborder movements of capital and goods and hence of factors of production and goods. Redding (1999) defines globalisation as the increasing integration between the markets for goods, services and capital and at the same time the breakdown of borders. Braibant (2002) says that the process of globalisation not only includes opening up of world trade, development of advanced means of communication, internationalisation of financial markets, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also includes infections, diseases and pollution. In addition to these terms Goldberg (1983) observed that: Many transnational companies have grown so large that their size exceeds that of some nation-states. Thus they could override, neutralize, or even counteract the political will of a nation state. The facilitation of the global market in the form of transport and communications improvements and reduced trade barriers and others has led firms to go global in order to gain competitive advantage and survive. Ohmae (1989) states that large companies must become global if they hope to compete and they must change from companies that treat their foreign operations as secondary, to companies that view the entire world as a single borderless market. Levitt (1983) suggests that as markets become increasingly similar and more global, the key to success lies in the ability to globalise. Additionally there are a variety of motives underlying a firms decision to trade globally such as the ability to extend the life cycle of their product in a phase of a mature domestic market and escape from increasing levels of domestic competition (Vrontis Vronti, 2004). Going global is therefore a necessity due to the reasons given and firms who are capable of expanding globally take the opportunity. However among the issues to consider before moving to the international market is the need to adopt the appropriate marketing strategy in order to achieve the aim of making such a move. The marketing strategies that is being considered are standardization and adaptation. , and adaptation where products and communications are adapted or tailored to reflect varying infrastructure, Globalisation of markets Standardisation and Adaptation According to Levitt (1983) and Ohmae (1989) standardisation refers to where firms operating at the global level attempt to standardize their products and communications to all markets within which they operate around the world. Proponents of global standardisation such as (Levitt 1983; Ohmae, 1989) argue that a corporation should operate as a single entity selling the same items everywhere in the same way. They believe the world is increasingly homogenised in its consumer requirements and that the force driving this process is technology, which has facilitated communication, information, capital, transport and travel. The rise of global media giants such as MTV, CNN etc lend weight to the notion that communications technology is the major negotiator of convergence of human preference in that technology facilitates the global spread of promotional messages resulting in homogenisation of consumer tastes across the world. Levitts (1983) notion of homogenisation of consumer taste refers to a worldwide desire for modern, low priced, world-standard and dependable products from the modern world. For example Levi Jeans paid $550,000 for one series of TV commercials to use around the globe for advertising and promot ion of its jeans (Jeannete et al., 1998). This trend would appear to make possible the application of uniform (standardisation) marketing mix strategies across global markets (Levitt, 1983: Ohmae, 1989). In addition, marketing program standardisation would allow for economies of scale and scope in production and marketing, cross-subsidisation (using financial results resources accumulated in one part of the world to respond to competitive challenges in another), easier control and coordination of marketing activities, transfer of marketing know-how, and a uniform brand image across borders (Douglas Craig, 1986; Levitt, 1983). It has also been noted that marketing program standardisation becomes particularly viable if firms can identity global market segments with common tastes and preferences such as teenagers, working women, and affluent people or a cluster of countries that share similar macro-environmental characteristics (Douglas Wind, 1987). Levitt (1983) distinguishes between the multinational corporation which he states operates in a number of countries and adjusts its products and marketing practices in each resulting in relatively high costs and the global corporation which operates as if the entire world were a single entity, the same things are sold in the same way everywhere. He further argues that this supposed converging preference structure makes it necessary for all corporations to standardise their product offerings and marketing activities in order to stay competitive. Levitt (1983) further states that the difference between the two corporations is that global corporation which in his view is the better one treats the world as composed of a few standardised markets rather than many customised markets. According to Levitt (1983) standardisation becomes necessary, a natural condition for the survival of the corporation. The following quotes strengthen his assertions: The commonality of preference leads inescapably to the standardisation of productsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (ibid.,p.55) Selling a line of products individually tailored to each nation is thoughtless..(ibid.,p.61) Companies that do not adapt to the new global realities will become victims of those that do..(ibid.,p.65) McDonalds, Coca-Cola, Nikes trainers, Levis jeans have all crossed global borders but there is evidence of tailoring of communications message, (Vignali, 2001). According to the same author, brand name, product characteristics, packaging and labelling are the easiest of the marketing mix to standardise. On the other hand, adaptation refers to the marketing strategy where the products and communications are adapted or tailored to reflect varying infrastructure, cultural and behavioural dimensions associated with different markets in the global arena (Britt, 1974; Buzzell, 1968; Douglas Wind, 1987). Proponents of adaptation, although acknowledging the potential benefits of a standardised marketing strategy point out its weakness of significantly undermining a firms foreign market position. This is because despite globalisation, national value systems and traditions persist. Furthermore product purchase and usage patterns are not identical across national borders because consumers respond differently to different advertising appeals (Keegan, 1969). (Czinkota and Ronnekan, 1995; Vrontis 2003) emphasises the various differences evident in international markets and urge multinational companies to adjust the marketing mix elements and marketing strategies. He further states that the advantage of specific marketing mix approach is that strategy is tailored to suit local market needs while flexibility and responsiveness are maximised and believes that marketing orientation is achieved at an optimal level. This in turn calls for changes to promotional campaigns, product features, price and distribution thereby adjusting wholly utilisation strategy without rendering the marketing mix ineffective (Zou Cavisgil, 2002). Consequently firms need to adjust their marketing programs to suit local needs and adequately respond to various environmental forces. Products such as McDonalds, Coca-Cola, Nikes trainers, Levis jeans have all crossed global borders but there is evidence of tailoring of communications message, (Vignali, 2001). Contingency Strategy: A number of scholars have proposed a contingency perspective for international marketing arguing that neither adaptation nor standardisation is feasible and that in reality neither of these polarised views is feasible or desirable and that in fact the two co-exist (Vrontis, 2003; Zou Cavusgil, 2002). Culture has been identified as a barrier in relation to the suitability of the product in particular local markets (Czinkota et al., 1995). This is echoed by Vrontis, (2003) who argues that the huge costs involved inhibit the use of any one strategy in an absolute manner but suggests that international marketers should have to search for the right balance between standardisation and adaptation in the order and extent of globalisation of the business and adapt the organisations response accordingly. The author called his new modelling approach the AdaptStand Process which he used in the Levi Jeans brand case study (Vrontis, 2003). Taylor (1991), supporting the view that firms should use both internationalisation and globalisation elements to create competitive advantage emphasises the notion that corporations should think global and act local coined Glocal by Ohmae (1989). Some of the companies that have successfully adapted their marketing mix to achieve glocalisation include McDonalds and Levi Jeans. McDonald for instance embraced and adopted the concept of think global, act local and has successfully adapted its marketing mix to a local environment in order to meet and the challenges posed socio-economic -cultural, political-legal, demographic (Vignali, 2001). Explaining further with the marketing mix and considering the case of product McDonald, while aiming at creating standard food items that taste the same across the whole world realises that standardisation brings cost savings. The company however acknowledges that the ability to adapt to an environment ensures success (Vignali, 2001). McDonald adapted its product because of religious laws and customs in some countries. For example in Israel the company avoided dairy products and beef in the case of Hindus in India and also pork in the case of Muslims. Calantone et.al.(2004) state that adaptation of a product is a core aspect of customising and to be successful in the market, the firm has to satisfy the customer wants and needs better than the competitors in that environment. MacDonald main course however remains the same across the world, that is burger/sandwich, fries and a drink. Quality control and standards are consistent throughout all McDonald outlets to ensure the same standard and quality starting from suppliers through to food preparation (Vignali, 20 01). In the case of Levi Jeans, females in Islamic countries for example are discouraged from wearing tight fitting jeans which is the favourite of their American counterparts (Czinkota et al,, 1995). It is therefore evident that fit design and style of jeans need to be adapted to meet requirements of the local buyers. Relating the contingency strategy to the marketing mix place, McDonalds expansion into international markets is based on ownership, franchises and joint ventures. Its strategy is open as many restaurants company owned and operated rather franchised or joint ventures to reduce competition. In 1998 McDonald had over 24500 restaurants in 116 countries showcasing its level of globalisation but also operationally showing a Glocal focus as it shares ideas, best practices and human resources across borders further enhancing its competitive advantage and strengthening its leadership position (McDonalds Corporation, 1998) In the case of price, while it is accepted that one of the benefits of standardisation is savings in cost McDonalds pricing strategy is focused on localisation rather than globalisation.It not only implements different pricing strategies for different countries but also attains its market objective to increase its market share by ensuring the right price for the right market (Vignali, 2001). The McDonalds pricing policy takes into account factors, firstly the demand and perception of price by the consumer in comparison to similar products from rivals and would then set its prices taking into account other food purveyors in each country. Secondly the McDonalds pricing strategy takes into account the stage in the life cycle of their product in each country before setting the price, For example, in the USA, the product is in maturity to decline stage and McDonalds price will be lower than the price set for Japan which is in the growth to maturity stage (Vignali, 2001). Adapting prices t his way allows McDonald to recover lost revenues in the USA while maximising profits in the Japanese market. McDonalds Corporation sponsors many sports nationally for example in basketball, racing and globally for example the Olympic Games and the World Cup. It employs standardisation for advertising its brand in many countries across the globe showcasing sports personalities but localising the advertising tactics by using top footballers from each country. The effect of this is that standardisation and consistency of the brand is achieved globally while localisation of advertising a particular top football personality makes the advertising campaign more effective and successful in capturing customers and market share away from competitors (Vignali, 2001) Levi Jeans faced competition from prevailing substitute products and therefore had to raise the quality of its jeans while adjusting its price to fight lower prices, counterfeits and substitute products in the local markets (Vrontis and Vronti, 2004) Advertising When it comes to people McDonalds policy on staffing issues is to blend US human resources practices with host country norms by first investigating and understanding the host countrys labour laws, and conditions of work including working times. The benefit of this is that blending of corporate and local cultures in the workforce and at the same time forcusing recruitment policy on the local community while promotion is from within globally. The objective is to have consistency in terms of people management and development and standardisation with a local focus on the labour and cultural norms in each country in order to achieve loyalty and also the best customer service (Vignali, 2001) If the process is considered, food preparation is the same the world over and must meet McDonalds strict standards and demands This includes suppliers and franchisees as well. For example kitchen layouts are identical globally and there are specific dimensions for fries, meat, Big Mac and buns (Vignali, 2001). Standardisation is also evident globally at the tills which display symbols of the food items instead of numerals or words to eliminate language translation barriers. Local adaptation is shown as the restaurants in different countries have slightly different meals. Physically McDonalds penetrated international markets through franchising but the layouts of these restaurants are almost identical in every country. from kitchens to staff uniforms, display signs, the slogans and the friendliness of the staff world-wide epitomize standardisation (Vignali, 2001). Local adaptation is apparent as different international restaurants adjust to suit local conditions for example in China, where interior walls are decorated with posters and slogans emphasising family values. CONCLUSION: The essay discussed globalisation and internationalisation with special reference to the strategy firms used to enter the international market. Two main strategies is identified. The first relates to whether firms should standardise their products and communications to all markets within which they operate around the world and the second is whether the products and communication should be adapted or tailored to reflect varying infrastructure, cultural and behavioural dimensions associated with different markets in the global arena. The standardisation-versus-adaptation debate for pursuing marketing strategy in international or global markets has received considerable attention for decades. It has been shown why supporters of standardisation such as Levitt (1983) feel that a corporation should operate as a single entity selling the same products everywhere in the same way. The argument is that that the world is increasingly becoming homogenised in its consumer tastes and requirements and that the force driving this process is technology, which has facilitated communication, information capital, transport and travel. The author also considered how the benefit of economies of scale and scope could lower costs to the advantage of the investor. However other scholars argument that the cost savings to be made from standardisation should not be the mauor consideration is very valid. According to the proponents of Adaptation,, the cultural, social and legal settings in some countries makes it impossible to compete successfully in all countries offering the same products and services (Vrontis, 2003). Adaptation is seen to override standardisation due to the importance attached to thge need to adapt to the peculiarities of the home country. However it has been clearly shown that, neither standardisation nor adaptation is the best solution. Rather standardisation and globalisation co-exist and do not operate in isolation. Therefore while corporations can standardise their brands globally, some aspects of their marketing mix must be adapted so that their products and services suit and satisfy the needs, wants and tastes of customers in different countries if they are to create a competitive advantage and increase market share in international markets. The McDonalds and Levi Jeans marketing mix show that these two corporations embraced the notion of glocalisation i.e. combining globalisation and internationalism in order to remain competitive, penetrate international markets, increase their market share. It is therefore not surprising that they have become leading brands internationally in their respective industries. .

Ethics implications of production facilities

Being in a rural location, Facility A has ethics implication if it would provide tax incentives and exempted restrictions to a large and hi-tech firm (Herley Industries 2007).   The local population may demonstrate rallies and lobbying that would gradually lead to Manychip having equal-footing with similar companies.   Manychip must verify if the location provides incentives for manufacturing in equal footing rather than arbitrarily. When the firm decided to locate in Facility B, it will expose its labor practices to international organizations due to practice of child labor.   Although cost efficient, Manychip will confront a whole new operating environment and culture that can undermine its quality and efficiency derived in developed countries.   Manychip must identify if laborers in this facility are qualified to meet their present quality criteria, potential reduction in value from the market when identified as using child labor and value-added in tariff-free distribution. Similar essay: Disadvantages of Ethical Business Practices In Facility C, Manychip can acquire its quality standards however with higher labor costs, tax and restrictions.   The company’s margin can be narrowed which can affect funding in its research and development.   On the other hand, Manychip has ample experience in operating in metropolitan environments and local regulations that it can used to minimize business risk. There are three location analysis techniques to aid Manychip in choosing the best alternative; namely, location factor rating, center of gravity and load-distance (Bose 2002).   Load factor rating is a technique that closely resembles location evaluation above.   The difference is that it attached weights to location factor totaling to 100% (e.g. labor pool and climate, proximity to suppliers, wage rates, community environment, etc.) depending on their important to a company (i.e. wage rates = 30%). The location that will be chose is the one that has the highest rank.   The second and third technique focus on providing the minimum transportation costs to a firm.   For example, center of gravity computes for straight-line coordinates where the company must locate its facility.   In contrast, load-distance combines the aspect of load where the location facility will be appraised based on its capacity to offer minimum load and minimum distance.   This technique will also compute specific coordinates where the firm will construct its facility. References Bose, R. (2002).A model for location analysis of industries. Esri. Retrieved August 6, 2007 from http://gis2.esri.com/library/userconf/proc02/pap0449/p0449.htm Herley Industries (2007). Two Herley Industries, Inc. Manufacturing Facilities Suspended by the U.S. Federal Government. Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved August 6, 2007 from http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/070627/new050.html?.v=12

Dmt

It’s said to be the spirit molecule, for some it’s listed on the D. E. A’s schedule I list for illegal drugs and for others it’s been used in rituals throughout our earth’s history. Why haven’t we been informed about one of the US’s most illegal substances? Wouldn’t it help people make the right decisions when it comes to â€Å"experimenting† with life’s vices like the publics knowledge of heroin, cocaine, LSD and so on? Where did DMT come from and what is its purpose? Based on user accounts, FDA regulated studies and documentaries involving indigenous peoples in South America some of these questions were answered with even more interesting ones raised. Shamanic rituals throughout the Amazon region called for a special potion referred to as ayhuasca, a combination between a DMT containing plant and a â€Å"monoamine oxide inhibitor† which is a special chemical that allows the DMT to avoid digestion by the stomach and reach the bloodstream. There is evidence stretching back to 2130 BC supporting the fact that these rituals have been passed down and adopted by people living today. A pipe made out of puma bone of that time period was discovered and tested positive for DMT. An example of vegetation containing this chemical is pure inner root bark of the Mimosa Hostilis plant, and it’s used for its DMT properties for several reasons by Shaman; entering altered states of consciousness, shamanistic healing, meditation, spiritual exploration and mystical insight. DMT stands for Dimethyltryptamine. It is found in thousands of plant species across the world and in trace amounts in mammals. It is a type of tryptamine along with other natural occurring ones such as serotonin and melatonin. Its natural function in the human body is unknown, but it is produced in out pineal gland and can be found in our spinal fluid, urine, and blood. Our brain is one of the most complex items in our worlds known existence and for the most part it is highly accurate when it releases hormones and chemicals. Studies performed by Dr. Rick Strassman at the University of New Mexico, in which subjects were injected with doses of DMT, show strong correlation with other user accounts and interviews with shaman in brazil. The experiences are remarkably similar, the person who injects, smokes, snorts or eats DMT claim to encounter alien entities, or godly figures. Smoking the substance has been determined to cause the greatest effect, episodes lasting only from about 15-30 minutes. To the person under the effect of DMT it feels a lot longer than that, claims that it lasts for hours. One â€Å"toke† from a pipe and in a matter of seconds you are catapulted into another dimension, realm, world or form as described by account holders.